AdonisJS中使用BullMQ实现邮件队列的实践指南

2025-05-12 14:39:54作者：江焘钦

前言

在现代Web应用开发中，异步任务处理是提升系统性能和用户体验的重要手段。AdonisJS作为一款优秀的Node.js框架，结合BullMQ这样的队列系统，可以轻松实现后台任务处理。本文将详细介绍如何在AdonisJS中正确配置和使用BullMQ来处理邮件发送任务。

核心问题分析

开发者在AdonisJS中集成BullMQ时遇到的主要问题是Worker无法正确识别Redis连接配置。虽然Redis服务已经正确配置，但Worker初始化时仍报错"Worker requires a connection"。这实际上是由于BullMQ的Worker和Queue实例需要显式指定Redis连接参数，而不能自动复用AdonisJS的Redis配置。

解决方案详解

1. 创建邮件队列服务提供者

在AdonisJS中，我们通过创建自定义Provider来管理BullMQ的初始化。以下是完整的实现方案：

import type { ApplicationService } from '@adonisjs/core/types';
import mail from '@adonisjs/mail/services/main';
import { Queue, QueueEvents, Worker } from 'bullmq';

export default class EmailQueueProvider {
  constructor(protected app: ApplicationService) {}

  async ready() {
    // 初始化队列实例
    const emailsQueue = new Queue('emails', {
      connection: {
        host: '127.0.0.1',
        port: 6379,
      },
    });

    // 配置邮件发送器使用队列
    mail.setMessenger(mailer => ({
      async queue(mailMessage, config) {
        await emailsQueue.add('send_email', {
          mailMessage,
          config,
          mailerName: mailer.name,
        });
      },
    }));

    // 创建工作线程处理队列任务
    const worker = new Worker(
      'emails',
      async job => {
        if (job.name === 'send_email') {
          const { mailMessage, config, mailerName } = job.data;
          await mail.use(mailerName).sendCompiled(mailMessage, config);
        }
      },
      {
        connection: {
          host: '127.0.0.1',
          port: 6379,
        },
      }
    );

    // 设置工作线程事件监听
    worker.on('completed', job => {
      console.log(`${job.id} has completed!`);
    });

    worker.on('failed', (job, err) => {
      console.log(`${job?.id} has failed with ${err.message}`);
    });

    // 设置队列事件监听
    const queueEvents = new QueueEvents('emails', {
      connection: {
        host: '127.0.0.1',
        port: 6379,
      },
    });

    queueEvents.on('waiting', ({ jobId }) => {
      console.log(`A job with ID ${jobId} is waiting`);
    });

    queueEvents.on('active', ({ jobId, prev }) => {
      console.log(`Job ${jobId} is now active; previous status was ${prev}`);
    });

    queueEvents.on('completed', ({ jobId, returnvalue }) => {
      console.log(`${jobId} has completed and returned ${returnvalue}`);
    });

    queueEvents.on('failed', ({ jobId, failedReason }) => {
      console.log(`${jobId} has failed with reason ${failedReason}`);
    });
  }
}

2. 配置Redis连接

虽然AdonisJS有自己的Redis配置，但BullMQ需要独立的连接配置。建议从环境变量中读取配置：

const redisConfig = {
  host: env.get('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
  port: env.get('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
  password: env.get('REDIS_PASSWORD', ''),
  db: 0
};